Metformin ili ndi zatsopano

1. Zimayembekezeredwa kuti ziwonjezeke chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso ndi kufa chifukwa cha matenda a impso
Gulu lokhudzana ndi WuXi AppTec Medical New Vision lidatulutsa nkhani kuti kafukufuku wa anthu 10,000 adawonetsa kuti metformin ikhoza kukulitsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso ndi kufa ndi matenda a impso.

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini ya American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Diabetes Care" (Diabetes Care) adawonetsa kuti kusanthula kwamankhwala ndi kupulumuka kwa anthu opitilira 10,000 kunawonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi matenda a impso (CKD) amamwa Metformin amalumikizidwa ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa ndi matenda a aimpso otsiriza (ESRD), ndipo sikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis.

Matenda a impso osatha ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika mu shuga.Poganizira kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a impso pang'ono atha kupatsidwa metformin, gulu lofufuza lidafufuza odwala 2704 m'magulu awiriwa omwe amamwa metformin osatenga metformin.

Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi omwe sanamwe metformin, odwala omwe adatenga metformin adatsika ndi 35% pachiwopsezo cha kufa chifukwa chazonse komanso kuchepa kwa 33% kwachiwopsezo chakupita patsogolo kwa matenda a aimpso omaliza.Zopindulitsa izi zidawoneka pang'onopang'ono patatha zaka pafupifupi 2.5 atatenga metformin.

Malinga ndi lipotilo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, malangizo a US FDA amalimbikitsa kupumula kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi matenda a impso, koma kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a impso ochepa.Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ocheperako (gawo 3B) komanso matenda oopsa a impso, kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kumatsutsanabe.

Dr. Katherine R. Tuttle, pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Washington ku United States anati: “Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu n’zolimbikitsa kwambiri.Ngakhale kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a impso, chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis ndi chochepa kwambiri.Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a impso osatha, metformin ikhoza kukhala njira yodzitetezera ku imfa komanso Mankhwala ofunikira pakulephera kwa impso, koma popeza uku ndi kafukufuku wobwerezabwereza komanso wowunikira, zotsatira zake ziyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamalitsa.

2. Kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwamankhwala amatsenga a metformin
Metformin ikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi mankhwala akale akale omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.Pakuwonjezereka kwa kafukufuku wamankhwala a hypoglycemic, mu 1957, wasayansi waku France Stern adafalitsa zotsatira zake za kafukufuku ndikuwonjezera chotsitsa cha lilac chomwe chili ndi ntchito ya hypoglycemic mu nyemba za mbuzi.Alkali, wotchedwa metformin, Glucophage, kutanthauza wodya shuga.

Mu 1994, metformin idavomerezedwa ndi US FDA kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a shuga a 2.Metformin, monga mankhwala ovomerezeka ochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, amalembedwa ngati mankhwala oyamba a hypoglycemic mu malangizo osiyanasiyana azachipatala kunyumba ndi kunja.Ili ndi zabwino zake zolondola za hypoglycemic, chiwopsezo chochepa cha hypoglycemia, komanso mtengo wotsika.Pakali pano ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Mmodzi mwa gulu la mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Monga mankhwala omwe adayesedwa kwakanthawi, akuti padziko lonse lapansi pali oposa 120 miliyoni ogwiritsa ntchito metformin.

Ndikukula kwa kafukufukuyu, mwayi wachire wa metformin ukukulitsidwa mosalekeza.Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa, metformin yapezekanso kuti ili ndi zotsatira pafupifupi 20.

1. Anti-kukalamba zotsatira
Pakadali pano, US Food and Drug Administration yavomereza kuyesa kwachipatala "kugwiritsa ntchito metformin polimbana ndi ukalamba".Chifukwa chomwe asayansi akunja amagwiritsa ntchito metformin ngati mankhwala oletsa kukalamba mwina ndichifukwa chakuti metformin imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a okosijeni omwe amatulutsidwa m'maselo.Koposa zonse, izi zikuwoneka kuti zimakulitsa nyonga ya thupi ndikutalikitsa moyo.

2. Kuonda
Metformin ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic omwe amatha kuchepetsa thupi.Itha kukulitsa chidwi cha insulin ndikuchepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta.Kwa ambiri okonda shuga amtundu wa 2, kuchepa thupi palokha ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandizira kuwongolera kokhazikika kwa shuga wamagazi.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi gulu lofufuza la United States Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) adawonetsa kuti m'nthawi yophunzira yopanda khungu yazaka 7-8, odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha metformin adataya kulemera kwapakati pa 3.1 kg.

3. Kuchepetsa mwayi wopita padera ndi kubereka msanga kwa amayi ena oyembekezera
Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet akuwonetsa kuti metformin imatha kuchepetsa mwayi wopita padera komanso kubereka kwa amayi ena oyembekezera.

Malinga ndi malipoti, asayansi ochokera ku Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) ndi Chipatala cha St. Olavs adachita kafukufuku wazaka pafupifupi 20 ndipo adapeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a polycystic ovary amatenga metformin kumapeto kwa miyezi 3 ya mimba akhoza kuchepetsa post- nthawi yopita padera ndi padera.Kuopsa kwa kubadwa msanga.

4. Pewani kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha utsi
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Scott Budinger waku Northwestern University adatsimikizira mu mbewa kuti metformin imatha kuteteza kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha utsi, kuteteza maselo oteteza chitetezo kutulutsa molekyulu yowopsa m'magazi, kuletsa mapangidwe a arterial thrombosis, potero. kuchepetsa mtima dongosolo.Kuopsa kwa matenda.

5. Chitetezo cha mtima
Metformin imakhala ndi zotsatira zoteteza mtima komanso pakali pano ndiye mankhwala okhawo a hypoglycemic omwe amalangizidwa ndi malangizo a shuga omwe ali ndi umboni womveka bwino wamathandizo amtima.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chithandizo chanthawi yayitali cha metformin chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima mwa odwala omwe angopezeka kumene amtundu wa 2 komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe adwala kale matenda amtima.

6. Kupititsa patsogolo polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amadziwika ndi hyperandrogenemia, kukanika kwa ovary, ndi polycystic ovary morphology.Matenda ake sakudziwika bwino, ndipo odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a hyperinsulinemia.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti metformin imatha kuchepetsa kukana kwa insulini, kubwezeretsanso ntchito yake ya ovulation, ndikusintha hyperandrogenemia.

7. Kupititsa patsogolo zomera za m'mimba
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti metformin imatha kubwezeretsa gawo la m'mimba ndikupangitsa kusintha komwe kuli kothandiza ku thanzi.Amapereka malo abwino okhalamo mabakiteriya opindulitsa m'matumbo, potero amachepetsa shuga wamagazi ndikuwongolera chitetezo chamthupi.

8. Amayembekezeredwa kuchiza ena autistic
Posachedwapa, ofufuza ku yunivesite ya McGill adapeza kuti metformin imatha kuchiza mitundu ina ya Fragile X syndrome ndi autism, ndipo kafukufuku watsopanoyu adasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Nature Medicine, nkhani yaying'ono ya Zachilengedwe.Pakadali pano, autism ndi imodzi mwazovuta zamankhwala zomwe asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zitha kuthandizidwa ndi metformin.

9. Reverse pulmonary fibrosis
Ofufuza a ku yunivesite ya Alabama ku Birmingham anapeza kuti mwa odwala aumunthu omwe ali ndi idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ndi mbewa pulmonary fibrosis zitsanzo zoyambitsidwa ndi bleomycin, ntchito ya AMPK mu minofu ya fibrotic imachepetsedwa, ndipo minyewa imakana maselo The apoptotic myofibroblasts inawonjezeka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kuyambitsa AMPK mu myofibroblasts kumatha kulimbikitsanso ma cellwa ku apoptosis.Kuphatikiza apo, mumtundu wa mbewa, metformin imatha kufulumizitsa kutulutsa kwa minofu yopangidwa kale.Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti metformin kapena ma agonist ena a AMPK atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asinthe fibrosis yomwe yachitika kale.

10. Thandizani kusiya kusuta
Ofufuza a ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania apeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse kutsegulira kwa njira yowonetsera AMPK, yomwe imaletsedwa panthawi yochotsa chikonga.Chifukwa chake, adatsimikiza kuti ngati mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa njira yolumikizira ya AMPK, zitha kuchepetsa kuyankha kochotsa.

Metformin ndi agonist wa AMPK.Ofufuzawo atapereka metformin kwa mbewa zomwe zidachotsa chikonga, adapeza kuti zimachotsa mbewazo.Kafukufuku wawo akuwonetsa kuti metformin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kusiya kusuta.

11. Anti-inflammatory effect
M'mbuyomu, kafukufuku wachipatala komanso wazachipatala adawonetsa kuti metformin sikuti imangowonjezera kutupa kosatha mwa kukonza kagayidwe kachakudya monga hyperglycemia, insulin resistance ndi atherosclerotic dyslipidemia, komanso imakhala ndi anti-inflammatory effect.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti metformin imatha kuletsa kutupa, makamaka kudzera mu AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-yodalira kapena yodziletsa yoletsa nyukiliya transcription factor B (NFB).

12. Sinthani kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso
Ofufuza pa yunivesite ya Texas ku Dallas apanga chitsanzo cha mbewa chomwe chimatsanzira kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi ululu.Anagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ichi kuyesa mphamvu ya mankhwala angapo.

Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti kuchiza mbewa zokhala ndi 200 mg/kg kulemera kwa thupi la metformin kwa masiku 7 kumatha kusinthiratu kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ululu.

Gabapentin, yomwe imachiza neuralgia ndi khunyu, ilibe zotsatira zake.Izi zikutanthauza kuti metformin itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala akale ochizira matenda ozindikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi neuralgia.

13. Letsani kukula kwa chotupa
Masiku angapo apitawo, malinga ndi Singularity.com, akatswiri ochokera ku European Institute of Oncology adapeza kuti metformin ndi kusala kudya zimatha kugwira ntchito mogwirizana kuti ziletse kukula kwa zotupa za mbewa.

Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wowonjezereka, zinapezeka kuti metformin ndi kusala kudya zimalepheretsa kukula kwa chotupa kudzera mu njira ya PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1.Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa pa Cancer Cell.

14. Zingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa macular
Dr. Yu-Yen Chen wa ku Taichung Veterans General Hospital ku Taiwan, China posachedwapa adapeza kuti chiwerengero cha zaka zokhudzana ndi macular degeneration (AMD) kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 omwe amamwa metformin ndizochepa kwambiri.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti poyang'anira matenda a shuga, anti-yotupa ndi antioxidant ntchito za metformin zimakhala ndi chitetezo pa AMD.

15. Kapena akhoza kuchiza tsitsi
Gulu la Huang Jing, wasayansi wa ku China ku yunivesite ya California, Los Angeles, adapeza kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga metformin ndi rapamycin amatha kulimbikitsa makutu atsitsi mu gawo lopuma la mbewa kuti alowe mu gawo la kukula ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa tsitsi.Kafukufuku wofananira wasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala yotchuka yamaphunziro Cell Reports.

Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi atagwiritsa ntchito metformin pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary syndrome ku China ndi India, adawonanso kuti metformin imalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa tsitsi.

16. Kusintha zaka zachilengedwe
Posachedwapa, tsamba lovomerezeka la magazini yapadziko lonse ya sayansi ndi ukadaulo "Nature" idasindikiza nkhani za blockbuster.Malipoti akuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku wochepa wachipatala ku California adawonetsa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti ndizotheka kubweza wotchi ya epigenetic yamunthu.M'chaka chatha, odzipereka asanu ndi anayi athanzi adatenga kusakaniza kwa mahomoni okula ndi mankhwala awiri a shuga, kuphatikiza metformin.Poyesedwa popenda zolembera zamtundu wa munthu, zaka zake zakubadwa zatsika ndi pafupifupi zaka 2.5.

17. Mankhwala osakanizidwa amatha kuchiza khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu
Masiku angapo apitawo, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Dr. Marsha rosner wolemera wa yunivesite ya Chicago adapeza kuti kuphatikiza kwa metformin ndi mankhwala ena akale, heme (panhematin), kungathe kulimbana ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ya katatu yomwe imawopseza kwambiri thanzi la amayi. .

Ndipo pali umboni wosonyeza kuti njira yochizirayi ingakhale yothandiza pamakhansa osiyanasiyana monga khansa ya m'mapapo, khansa ya impso, khansa ya uterine, khansa ya prostate ndi acute myeloid leukemia.Kafukufuku wofananira wasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala yapamwamba Nature.

18. Atha kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za glucocorticoids
Posachedwapa, "The Lancet-Diabetes and Endocrinology" inafalitsa kafukufuku-zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinasonyeza kuti muyeso lachipatala la gawo lachiwiri, metformin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda otupa omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la kagayidwe kachakudya ndikuchepetsa chithandizo cha glucocorticoid Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.

Kuyesera kwawonetsa kuti metformin ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu kudzera mu mapuloteni ofunikira kagayidwe kachakudya AMPK, ndipo momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndizosiyana ndendende ndi glucocorticoids, ndipo zimatha kusintha zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri glucocorticoids.

19. Ndikuyembekeza kuchiza multiple sclerosis
M'mbuyomu, gulu lofufuza motsogozedwa ndi Robin JM Franklin wa ku yunivesite ya Cambridge ndi wophunzira wake Peter van Wijngaarden adafalitsa nkhani mu nyuzipepala yapamwamba "Cell Stem Cells" kuti adapeza mtundu wapadera wa maselo okalamba a neural stem omwe amatha kuchira akalandira chithandizo. Metformin.Poyankha zizindikiro zosiyanitsa-zolimbikitsa, zimawonekeranso mphamvu zaunyamata ndipo zimalimbikitsa kusinthika kwa mitsempha ya myelin.

Kupezeka kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti metformin ikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osasinthika okhudzana ndi neurodegeneration, monga multiple sclerosis.


Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-21-2021